A ureterocele is a congenital abnormality in which the distal end of the ureter bulges into the bladder like a balloon. This can cause urinary tract obstruction, leading to urinary tract infections and potentially causing damage to the kidney. Ureteroceles are typically diagnosed in childhood and can

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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows back into the ureters and kidneys from the bladder, instead of flowing in one direction out of the body. This backward flow of urine can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and can cause damage to the kidneys over time. VUR is

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